In Angular, `spyOn` is a utility provided by the Jasmine testing framework, which is used to create test spies. Spies allow you to observe and control the behavior of functions during testing. They are commonly used to replace certain function implementations with custom ones, track function calls, and assert on their behavior.

Here's an example to demonstrate how `spyOn` works in Angular:

Let's assume you have a service called `DataService` that interacts with an external API: 

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';

@Injectable()
export class DataService {
  fetchData(): Promise {
    return new Promise((resolve) => {
      // Simulating an asynchronous API call
      setTimeout(() => {
        const data = 'Some data from API';
        resolve(data);
      }, 1000);
    });
  }
}
Now, let's write a unit test for the `DataService` using `spyOn` to mock the API call: 

import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { DataService } from './data.service';

describe('DataService', () => {
  let service: DataService;

  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({});
    service = TestBed.inject(DataService);
  });

  it('should fetch data from the API', () => {
    const apiResponse = 'Mocked API response';
    spyOn(service, 'fetchData').and.returnValue(Promise.resolve(apiResponse));

    service.fetchData().then((data) => {
      expect(data).toBe(apiResponse);
      expect(service.fetchData).toHaveBeenCalled();
    });
  });
});
In the test above, we use the `spyOn` function to create a spy on the `fetchData` method of the `DataService`. The `and.returnValue` method is used to specify the return value of the spy, which is a resolved promise with the mocked API response. Then, we call the `fetchData` method and assert that the returned data matches the mocked API response using the `expect` function. Additionally, we use the `toHaveBeenCalled` matcher to verify that the `fetchData` method was called. By using `spyOn`, we can replace the original implementation of the `fetchData` method with a mock implementation and control its behavior during testing. This allows us to isolate the service and focus on testing its interactions without making actual API calls. Remember to import the necessary testing utilities (`TestBed`, `spyOn`, etc.) from the appropriate packages (`@angular/core/testing`, `jasmine`, etc.) in your test files. Note: It's important to mention that `spyOn` is not specific to Angular but is part of the Jasmine testing framework, which is commonly used in Angular unit testing.