Two commonly used properties to manipulate the visibility of elements are `display` and `visibility`. While both serve similar purposes, they have distinct differences that can significantly impact the layout and functionality of a webpage. 1. display: none: The `display: none;` property is a straightforward and powerful way to hide an element completely from the layout. When applied to an element, it not only makes the element invisible but also removes it from the document flow. This means that the space the element would have occupied is reclaimed, causing the surrounding elements to adjust accordingly. Example: CSS: 

.hidden-element {
  display: none;
}
HTML: 

<div class="hidden-element">
  This content is hidden.
</div>
In this example, the `.hidden-element` will not be visible on the webpage, and it won't affect the layout or spacing of other elements. 2. visibility: hidden: On the other hand, the `visibility: hidden;` property also hides an element, but with a subtle difference. While the element becomes invisible, it still occupies space in the document flow. The surrounding elements will act as if the hidden element is still present, maintaining the layout integrity. Example: CSS: 

.hidden-element {
  visibility: hidden;
}
HTML: 

<div class="hidden-element">
  This content is hidden but still occupies space.
</div>
In this case, the `.hidden-element` is hidden, but the space it would normally occupy is retained, influencing the layout of surrounding elements. Comparison: - Reflow: The major distinction lies in how the two properties impact the document flow. `display: none;` triggers a reflow, adjusting the layout, while `visibility: hidden;` does not affect the layout. - Accessibility: When using `display: none;`, assistive technologies will generally ignore the hidden element. In contrast, `visibility: hidden;` will still make the element accessible to screen readers, allowing for a more inclusive user experience. Conclusion: Understanding the difference between `display: none;` and `visibility: hidden;` is crucial for web developers. Depending on the desired outcome, one should choose the property that aligns with the specific requirements of the webpage. Whether aiming to completely remove an element from the layout or simply hide it while maintaining space, these CSS properties offer versatile solutions for crafting visually appealing and functional websites.